Steynsburg lies to the far east of the eco-region known as the Great Karoo. The region is some 400 000 square kilometres in extent. It is classified as semi desert and the name derives from the Khoisan word of uncertain meaning. During its geological life, it has been glaciated, and later it had great inland deltas, lake and swamps. At times during its prehistory it was ravaged by massive volcanic activity. Reptiles and amphibians populated the area, in large numbers. Today their remains have made the region a paeleontological treasure trove.
The vast grassy plains were identified as being excellent sheep grazing country in the early 1800's and today it is the major sheep region of the country.
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